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The Egypt geographic location
is the North Africa, between the Mediterranean Sea in North,
the Red Sea and Israel in East, Sudan in South and Libya in
West.
Egypt is traversed by the Nile, the longest river in
the world. Indirectly, the Nile contributed to the making of
the without precedent architectural masterpieces. No other
history don` t fascinate more than the one of the ancient
Egyptians.
The more you try to elucidate it, the more it
gets deeper in mystery.
The valley and the Nile delta helped
the development of the Egyptian civilization, that` s why Herodot called Egypt ‘a gift of the Nile’. |
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In Egypt was born the
second greatest culture from history, appearing only
with few centuries after it was built the Sumerian
civilization in Mesopotamia, this having a great
influence upon the development of the Egyptian
civilization at its beginnings. Although Mesopotamia
was open to the new people and new ideas, Egypt was
characterized by some kind of isolation. Guarded by
the desert, Egypt was at a sufficient distance from
the disturbances of the Close Orient. After its
making, the Egyptian civilization proved to be
pretty stabile, conservative and with longevity. |
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Egypt was very little
influenced by the neighbor countries and until the
final epoch it influenced too little the world
outside the borders. Although there were changes in
the country` s life, these were so slow, that the
antique people viewed Egypt as a mysterious society,
without age. The first written origins of the Egypt`
s history date from the year 3000 BC, from the time
when Menes or Narmer, the king of the Upper Egypt,
through the conquer of the Lower Egypt he united the
two states.This union, with the exception of a short
period of time, remained almost intact for many
millenniums, when 33 dynasties succeeded. The
founder of the first dynasty was Menes, and the
queen of the last dynasty was Cleopatra, who killed
herself about 30 BC, letting herself bitten by a
poisoning snake.
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The ancient Egyptians recognized 3 seasons, determined by
the manifestations of the Nile, each season lasting 4
months. The beginning of the floods marked the New Year,
moment that concurred with the appearance on the arch, in
the same point with the Sun at sunrise, of the star Sirius,
called by them Soth. The year was divided, initially, in 12
months and these had each 3 decades of days.
When the attested history of Egypt
starts to unreel, the system of the year of 360 days was
still functioning, but it was preparing for an important
reform. It was observed that this organization of the time
was leading to an advance of 5 days and a quarter of the
astronomic year, and the official seasons don` t concurred
with the ones of the nature. Then, 5 days were added to the
date of 30 of the last month, days called epagomene. But the
365 days year doesn` t exactly concurred with the astronomic
one.
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