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Gaza is a small region from
the Middle Orient, part of the historic Palestine in the
South of the Mediterranean Sea, which, according to the
agreement that followed the Oslo` s arrangements, is one of
the two territorial components of the state entity
administrated by the Palestine Authority. The name comes
from Gaza, the main city. Including a big number of urban
cities and camps lived by refugees from Palestine from 1948
and their followers.
It is one of territories with the
biggest density of people in the world, 1,040,000 of people
on an area of 360 square kilometers (41 km in length and
6-12 km in width). Gaza is controlled by the Islamist
political move from Palestine called Hamas, which obtained
the majority at the latest parliamentary elections from the
territory of the Palestine` s authority.
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The Gaza city it was founded around
1500 BC. The territory of the Gaza was under the domination
of the Ottoman Empire from 1517 to the moment of the Gaza
battles in 1917 when the British armies sent away the
Turkish army. After the results of the World War I the
entire territory of Palestine was under the British mandate
between 1918 and 1948. The borders of Gaza were defined for
the very first time in the documents of the armistice
between Egypt and Israel, established after the Arab-Israel
war from 1948, which followed to the end of the British
mandate of occupation in Palestine.
Gaza was administrated by Egypt
between 1948 and 1967 when it was occupied by Israel in June
1967, as a result of the 6 days war. After the conquer of
the Gaza the Israel favored Israel`s agricultural
colonization in this arid area using special techniques of
desert agriculture. In 1987, the Intifada burst - the revolt
of the population against the Israel`s occupation, in 8
camps of refugees. As a result of the Oslo agreements
finished with the Declaration of Principles from Washington,
from September 13, 1993, between Yasser Arafat, from the
Palestine`s part and Itzhak Rabin and Simon Peres from the
Israel` s part, on 4 may 1994, I. Rabin and Y.Arafat signed
at Cairo an agreement regarding putting in practice of the
interne autonomy in Gaza and Ierihon. The 3 authors of this
agreement received the Nobel Prize for Peace in 1994.
The Knesset pronounced for the
evacuation of the Israel` s colonists from these territories
in 2004, which ended in 2005. The aerial space and the
maritime access remained under the control of Israel. A part
of the Gaza` s territory entered under the control of the
Palestine` s authority leaded by Yasser Arafat and then by
Mahmoud Abbas, the leaders of the Palestine` s freedom
organization, returned from exile. Gaza is situated in the
West of the Mediterranean maritime coast and includes a part
of the historic Palestine having borders with Egypt on a
length of 11 kilometers in South-West and with Israel in
North and East on a length of 51 kilometers.
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